Law & Ethics

1. What are the 5 freedoms of the 1st amendment?
-Speech
-Religion
-Press
-Assembly
-Petition

2. What is the Tinker Standard?
"Student speech cannot be censored as long as it does not 'materially disrupt class work or involve substantial disorder or invasion of the rights of others'".
(Tinker vs. Des Moines School District, 1969)

3. What is the Fraser Standard?
"Because school officials have an 'interest in teaching students the boundaries of socially appropriate behavior', they can censor student speech that is vulgar or indecent, even it does not cause a 'material or substantial disruption'".
(Bethel School District vs. Fraser, 1986)

4. What is the Hazelwood Standard?
"Censorship of school-sponsored student expression is permissible when school officials can show that it is 'reasonably related to legitimate pedagogical concerns'".
(Hazelwood School District vs. Kuhlmeier, 1988)

5. What is the Frederick Standard?
In 2002, the Olympic torch travels through town. School is cancelled. Frederick unveils a banner on the sidewalk saying, "Bong Hits 4 Jesus". Suspended for 10 days.
(Morse vs. Frederick, 2007)

6. What is the definition of libel?
"Defamation by written or printed words, pictures, or in any form other than by spoken words or gestures." -http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/libel